@Misc{BEO:2014:ExAm, author = "{Britannica Escola Online}", title = "Expedi{\c{c}}{\~o}es na Amaz{\^o}nia", year = "2014", date = "1848-1859", type = "fotografia", keywords = "nativos, jacar{\'e}, crocodilo, quel{\^o}nios, rio Amazonas, Henry Bates, naturalista.", abstract = "Gravura feita pelo naturalista ingl{\^e}s Henry Bates, na qual ele observa nativos capturando um jacar{\'e} e tartarugas no rio Amazonas.", url = "http://escola.britannica.com.br/assembly/178716/O-naturalista-ingles-Henry-Walter-Bates-comecou-a-explorar-a", imagesize = "1600 x 1017", language = "pt", place = "rio Amazonas, Brasil", targetfile = "HenryBates.jpg", urlaccessdate = "21 maio 2014" } @Misc{Britton:2014:SaPlEa, author = "Britton, Adam", title = "The safest place on Earth", year = "2014", theme = "Crocodilian images which reveal fascinating stories told from a visual perspective", date = "1998", type = "fotografia", keywords = "crocodilos, jacar{\'e}s, comportamento materno, boca, filhote.", url = "http://crocodilian.com/cnhc/potm-mar99.html", imagesize = "450 x 310", language = "en", numberofitems = "1", targetfile = "Briton1998.jpg", urlaccessdate = "30 maio 2014" } @InCollection{Bueno:2012:BrAm, author = "Bueno, Eduardo", title = "Brasil Amaz{\^o}nico", booktitle = "Brasil: uma Hist{\'o}ria. Cinco s{\'e}culos de um pa{\'{\i}}s em constru{\c{c}}{\~a}o", publisher = "Leya", year = "2012", editor = "Soto, Pascoal", pages = "168--179", address = "Rio de Janeiro", keywords = "hist{\'o}ria, Brasil, Amaz{\^o}nia, D. Pedro II.", copyholder = "gabriela", edition = "1", language = "pt", } @Article{CampbellDwyeIrwiFran:2013:HoRaUt, author = "Campbell, Hamish A. and Dwyer, Ross G. and Irwin, Terri R. and Franklin, Craig E.", title = "Home range utilisation and long-range movement of estuarine crocodiles during the breeding and nesting season", journal = "PLoS One", year = "2013", volume = "8", number = "5", pages = "e62127", keywords = "jacar{\'e}s, reprodu{\c{c}}{\~a}o, nidifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o, ovos, crocodilos, r{\'e}pteis.", abstract = "The estuarine crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) is the apex-predator in waterways and coastlines throughout south-east Asia and Australasia. C. porosus pose a potential risk to humans, and management strategies are implemented to control their movement and distribution. Here we used GPS-based telemetry to accurately record geographical location of adult C. porosus during the breeding and nesting season. The purpose of the study was to assess how C. porosus movement and distribution may be influenced by localised social conditions. During breeding, the females (2.92±0.013 metres total length (TL), mean ± S.E., n\ =\ 4) occupied an area<1 km length of river, but to nest they travelled up to 54 km away from the breeding area. All tagged male C. porosus sustained high rates of movement (6.49±0.9 km d\-1; n\ =\ 8) during the breeding and nesting period. The orientation of the daily movements differed between individuals revealing two discontinuous behavioural strategies. Five tagged male C. porosus (4.17±0.14 m TL) exhibited a site-fidelic strategy and moved within well-defined zones around the female home range areas. In contrast, three males (3.81±0.08 m TL) exhibited nomadic behaviour where they travelled continually throughout hundreds of kilometres of waterway. We argue that the site-fidelic males patrolled territories around the female home ranges to maximise reproductive success, whilst the nomadic males were subordinate animals that were forced to range over a far greater area in search of unguarded females. We conclude that C. porosus are highly mobile animals existing within a complex social system, and mate/con-specific interactions are likely to have a profound effect upon population density and distribution, and an individual's travel potential. We recommend that impacts on socio-spatial behaviour are considered prior to the implementation of management interventions.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "pone.0062127.pdf", } @Article{DaSilveiraRamaThorMagn:2010:DeJaCa, author = "Da, Silveira, R. and Ramalho, Emiliano E. and Thorbjarnarson, John B. and Magnusson, William E.", title = "Depredation by jaguars on caimans and importance of reptiles in the diet of jaguar", journal = "Journal of Herpetology", year = "2010", volume = "44", number = "3", pages = "418--424", keywords = "crocodilos, jacar{\'e}s, pantera, dieta, Caiman crocodilus, predador, alimento, competi{\c{c}}{\~a}o.", abstract = "The jaguar (Panthera onca) is the largest Neotropical felid and in many parts of its range reptiles form a significant but relatively minor component of its diet. However, in the seasonally flooded varzea forests of the Amazon, terrestrial mammals, which form an important component of jaguar diet in other habitats, are largely absent and jaguars switch to alternative prey, including arboreal mammals and reptiles. In the Mamirau{\'a} Sustainable Development Reserve in the western Brazilian Amazon, we document predation by jaguars on two species of caiman (Caiman crocodilus and Melanosuchus niger), which are abundant in this varzea habitat. The smaller C. crocodilus seems to be particularly vulnerable because of its size and tendency to spend more time on land than the larger M. niger. Jaguars not only kill and eat caiman but are also a significant predator on eggs of both species. We place our findings into the context of jaguar predation on reptiles by reviewing studies of jaguar diet in a variety of biomes.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "DaSilveira2010.pdf", } @Article{DubayahDrak:2000:LiReSe, author = "Dubayah, Ralph O. and Drake, Jason B.", title = "Lidar remote sensing for forestry", journal = "Journal of Forestry", year = "2000", volume = "98", number = "6", pages = "44--46", keywords = "sensoriamento remoto, sensor ativo, lidar, vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o, floresta.", abstract = "Lidar remote sensing, which directly measures vertical forest structure, is a breakthrough technology with many forestry applications. Using the laser light equivalent of radar, lidar instruments accurately estimate such important forest structural characteristics as canopy heights, stand volume, basal area, and above-ground biomass. And because subcanopy vegetation height is a function of species composition, climate, and site quality, the results can be used for land cover classification, habitat mapping, and forest wildlife management.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "lidarforforestry.pdf", } @InProceedings{DuffettHarvHill:2000:SaCrNe, author = "Duffett, M. L. and Harvey, K. R. and Hill, G. J. E.", title = "Saltwater crocodile nesting habitat suitability mapping with Landsat TM and GIS, Northern Territory, Australia", booktitle = "Proceedings...", year = "2000", pages = "1918--1920", organization = "Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium", keywords = "sensoriamento remoto, ninhos, habitat, nidifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o, r{\'e}pteis, crocodilos.", abstract = "Saltwater crocodile nesting habitat in the coastal rivers and wetlands of the Northern Territory is being mapped through the application of combined remote sensing and GIS methods. The main thrust of the approach adopted is to circumscribe prospective nesting areas as stringently as possible using GIS, thus minimising the spectral range of the investigated regions. Unsupervised classification of Landsat TM data from the prospective areas identified with GIS is then applied. The high-spectral-precision wetland cover classes thus generated are ranked according to nesting habitat suitability by using GIS to calculate the density of previously mapped nests in each class. The classified imagery is converted to a nesting habitat suitability map using the class rankings obtained. Results indicate that successful identification of permanent freshwater bodies is crucial to the effectiveness of the method. The technique may be extended to areas of little or no historical nesting data using class signatures obtained from better known areas. Examples of crocodile nesting habitat mapped using these techniques are presented from three diverse Northern Territory wetland systems: the Finniss-Reynolds floodplain, the Adelaide River and the McArthur River.", conference-location = "Honolulu, HI", conference-year = "24 a 28 de julho de 2000", language = "en", targetfile = "00858166.pdf", volume = "5", } @Article{EvansCostTelmSilv:2010:UsALRA, author = "Evans, Teresa L. and Costa, Maycira P. F. and Telmer, Kevin and Silva, Thiago Sanna F.", title = "Using ALOS/PALSAR and RADARSAT-2 to map land cover and seasonal inundation in the Brazilian Pantanal", journal = "IEEE Journal of selected topics in applied earth observations and remote sensing", year = "2010", volume = "3", number = "4", pages = "560--575", keywords = "ALOS/PALSAR, din{\^a}mica de inunda{\c{c}}{\~a}o, mapeamento de h{\'a}bitat, Pantanal, Radarsat-2, iniciativa Kyoto \\& Carbon.", abstract = "AbstractThe Brazilian Pantanal is a large continuous tropical wetland with large biodiversity and many threatened habitats. The interplay between the distribution of vegetation, the hydrology, the climate and the geomorphology nourishes and sustains the large diversity of flora and fauna in this wetland, but it is poorly understood at the scale of the entire Pantanal. This study uses multi-temporal L-band ALOS/PALSAR and C-band RADARSAT-2 data to map ecosystems and create spatial-temporal maps of flood dynamics in the Brazilian Pantanal. First, an understanding of the backscattering characteristics of floodable and non-floodable habitats was developed. Second, a Level 1 object-based image analysis (OBIA) classification defining Forest, Savanna, Grasslands/Agriculture, Aquatic Vegetation and Open Water cover types was achieved with accuracy results of 81%. A Level 2 classification separating Flooded from Non-Flooded regions for five temporal periods over one year was also accomplished, showing the interannual variability among sub-regions in the Pantanal. Cross-sensor, multi-temporal SAR data was found to be useful in mapping both land cover and flood patterns in wetland areas. The generated maps will be a valuable asset for defining habitats required to conserve the Pantanal biodiversity and to mitigate the impacts of human development in the region.", language = "en", targetfile = "Evans et al. - Using ALOSPALSAR and RADARSAT-2 to Map Land Cover and Seasonal Inundation in the Brazilian Pantanal - IEEE Journal of Sel.pdf", } @Article{Ferreira-FerreiraSSAFFVQN:2013:CoALDe, author = "Ferreira-Ferreira, Jefferson and Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire and Streher, Annia Susin and Affonso, Adriana Gomes and Furtado, Luiz Felipe de Almeida and Forsberg, Bruce Rider and Valsecchi, Jo{\~a}o and Queiroz, Helder Lima and Novo, Evlyn M{\'a}rcia Le{\~a}o de Moraes", title = "Combining ALOS/PALSAR derived vegetation structure and inundation patterns to characterize major vegetation types in the Mamirau{\'a} Sustainable Development Reserve, Central Amazon Floodplain, Brazil", journal = "Wetlands Ecology and Management", year = "2013", volume = "-", pages = "-", note = "{Artigo aceito para publica{\c{c}}{\~a}o}", keywords = "SAR, din{\^a}mica de inunda{\c{c}}{\~a}o, sensoriamento remoto, classifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o da plan{\'{\i}}cie de inunda{\c{c}}{\~a}o, mapeamento de h{\'a}bitat, Amaz{\^o}nia, an{\'a}lise orientada a objeto, v{\'a}rzea.", abstract = "Remote sensing methods have been successfully used to study vegetation cover and hydrologic dynamics in Amazonian wetland environments, and recent advances on synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors have allowed the characterization and quantification of multiple wetland ecological processes. Still, most of these studies are limited either temporally or spatially, and the distribution and spatial configuration of Amazonian v{\'a}rzea habitats remain poorly known. This study presents a PALSAR Lband multitemporal approach combined with object-based image analysis (OBIA), data mining techniques and field data to derive vegetation structure and inundation patterns and characterize major vegetation types in v{\'a}rzea forests of the Mamirau{\'a} Sustainable Development Reserve. Our results show that the combination of vegetation cover and inundation extent information can be a good indicative of the complex gradient of habitats along the floodplain. The intersection between vegetation and flood duration classes showed a wider range of combinations than suggested from field based studies. Chavascal areas had shorter inundation periods than the usually recognized hydroperiod of 180 to 240 days of flooding, while low v{\'a}rzea was distributed between flood duration ranges that were higher than reported by the literature. Forest communities growing at sites that were never mapped as flooded could indicate areas that only flood during extreme hydrological events, for short periods of time. Our results emphasize the potential contribution of SAR remote sensing to the monitoring and management of wetland environments, providing not only accurate information on spatial landscape configuration and vegetation distribution, but also important insights on the ecohydrological processes that ultimately determine this distribution.", language = "en", targetfile = "WETL-S-13-00259.pdf", } @MastersThesis{FurtadoSilvNovo::DaPoBa, author = "Furtado, Luiz Felipe de Almeida and Silva, Thiago Sanna Freire and Novo, Evlyn M{\'a}rcia Le{\~a}o de Moraes", title = "Dados polarim{\'e}tricos de banda C para o mapeamento e modelagem da estrutura da vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o na v{\'a}rzea amaz{\^o}nica - Lago Grande de Curuai, PA", school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)", address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos", year = "2014", keywords = "polarimetria/polarimetry, {\'a}reas {\'u}midas/wetlands, SAR, minera{\c{c}}{\~a}o de dados/data-mining.", committee = "Souza-Filho, Pedro Walfir Martins and Santos, Jo{\~a}o Roberto dos and Mura, Jos{\'e} Cla{\'u}dio", englishtitle = "Polarimetric C band data for mapping and structural modeling of amazon v{\'a}rzea vegetation - Lago Grande de Curuai, PA.", language = "pt", pages = "160", } @Article{GallegosPlUmVeWiZa:2008:MaMoCr, author = "Gallegos, A. and Plummer, T. and Uminsky, D. and Vega, C. and Wickman, C. and Zawoiski, M.", title = "A mathematical model of a crocodilian population using delay-differential equations", journal = "Journal Mathematical Biology", year = "2008", volume = "57", number = "5", pages = "737--754", keywords = "Equa{\c{c}}{\~o}es diferenciais, crocodilos, modelo populacional, an{\'a}lise de estabilidade, determina{\c{c}}{\~a}o do g{\^e}nero, temperatura.", abstract = "The crocodilia have multiple interesting characteristics that affect their population dynamics. They are among several reptile species which exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD) in which the temperature of egg incubation determines the sex of the hatchlings. Their life parameters, specifically birth and death rates, exhibit strong age-dependence. We develop delay-differential equation (DDE) models describing the evolution of a crocodilian population. In using the delay formulation, we are able to account for both the TSD and the age-dependence of the life parameters while maintaining some analytical tractability. In our single-delay model we also find an equilibrium point and prove its local asymptotic stability. We numerically solve the different models and investigate the effects of multiple delays on the age structure of the population as well as the sex ratio of the population. For all models we obtain very strong agreement with the age structure of crocodilian population data as reported in Smith and Webb (Aust. Wild. Res. 12, 541-554, 1985). We also obtain reasonable values for the sex ratio of the simulated population.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "MathematicalBiology.pdf", } @Article{GuilletteJrRARDCQF:1997:ReCyFe, author = "Guillette Jr, L. J. and R. , Woodward A. and A. , Crain D. and R. , Masson G. and D. , Palmer B. and C. , Cox M. and Q. , You-Xiang and F. , Orlando E.", title = "The reproductive cycle of the female American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)", journal = "General and Comparative Endocrinology", year = "1997", volume = "108", pages = "87–101", keywords = "crocodilos, jacar{\'e}s, reprodu{\c{c}}{\~a}o, ciclo reprodutivo, Aligator.", abstract = "We examined ovarian and oviducal gross morphology and collected blood samples from wild female alligators in central Florida during most of the year. Females with vitellogenic follicles were observed throughout the year, although ovaries containing follicles larger than 15 mm were seen only during the spring and early summer (March-June). We detected a poor relationship between female body size and the number of vitellogenic follicles whereas body size was significantly correlated with clutch size. Plasma samples were analyzed for (1) estradiol-17beta (E2), testosterone (T), and corticosterone by specific radioimmunoassays; (2) vitellogenin by one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; and (3) total protein, phosphorus, and calcium by spectrophotometric assays. Reproductively active females showed elevated plasma concentrations of E2 during the fall (September-November) and spring (March-May) whereas non-reproductively active females exhibited basal levels with no apparent peaks. Vitellogenin was detected in the plasma during the same months that plasma E2 concentrations were elevated. Elevated plasma vitellogenin and E2 were not correlated with plasma total protein but were correlated with plasma calcium concentration. During late vitellogenesis, plasma T concentrations were elevated in reproductively active females coincident with a period of intense courtship and mating. Corticosterone plasma concentrations exhibit no significant monthly variation, nor apparent changes during various stages of reproductive activity although plasma concentrations were elevated during late gravidity. Our data suggest that female reproductive activity begins in the fall with an increase in plasma E2 concentration in September or October and vitellogenesis in October. Ovarian activity slows during winter and reactivates with the onset of spring.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "1-s2.0-S0016648097969537-main.pdf", } @Article{HarveyHill:2003:ApUsRe, author = "Harvey, K. R. and Hill, G. J. E.", title = "Mapping the nesting habitats of saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) in Melacca Swamp and the Adelaide River wetlands, Northern Territory: An approach using remote sensing and GIS", journal = "Wildlife Research", year = "2003", volume = "30", number = "4", pages = "365--375", keywords = "sensoriamento remoto, ninhos, habitat, nidifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o, r{\'e}pteis, crocodilos.", abstract = "The utility of integrating remotely sensed data and other spatial information in a geographical information system (GIS) to model habitat suitability for nesting by saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus) was investigated in this study. The study areas, Melacca Swamp and the Adelaide River wetlands, are located 50 km east of Darwin, Northern Territory, and encompass areas of suitable nesting habitat for C. porosus. Melacca Swamp is a highly productive nesting area and is managed as a conservation reserve to protect its nesting habitat. Landsat TM, SPOT satellite imagery and large-scale colour aerial photography were evaluated for their utility in mapping habitats preferred for nesting by C. porosus within Melacca Swamp. Satellite imagery was capable of identifying generalised habitat classes used for nesting (e.g. open swamp with emergent trees). However, it was only with aerial photography that habitats could be discerned (e.g. sedges with scattered Melaleuca trees). Spatial information derived from satellite imagery and other sources was integrated in a GIS to model potentially suitable nesting habitat along the Adelaide River. This methodology effectively identified known preferred nesting areas of C. porosus on the basis of the analysis of environmental parameters (i.e. distance to water, vegetation type) that have an influence on selection of nesting habitat. The findings of this research demonstrate the utility of remote sensing and GIS for mapping nesting habitat of C. porosus at a range of scales and provide guidelines for application of the approaches used at the regional or State level.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "harvey2003.pdf", } @Article{IsbergThoNicBarMor:2005:I.ReTr, author = "Isberg, S. R. and Thomson, P. C. and Nicholas, F. W. and Barker, S. G. and Moran, C.", title = "Quantitative analysis of production traits in saltwater crocodiles (Crocodylus porosus): I. reproduction traits", journal = "Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics", year = "2005", volume = "122", number = "6", pages = "361--369", keywords = "crocodilos, reprodu{\c{c}}{\~a}o, an{\'a}lise qunatitativa.", abstract = "Repeatability and phenotypic correlations were estimated for saltwater crocodile reproductive traits. No pedigree information was available to estimate heritability or genetic correlations, because the majority of breeder animals on farms were wild-caught. Moreover, as the age of the female breeders could not be accounted for, egg-size measurements were used as proxies. The reproductive traits investigated were clutch size (total number of eggs laid), number of viable eggs, number of eggs that produced a live, healthy hatchling, hatchability, average snout-vent length of the hatchlings and time of nesting. A second data set was also created comprising binary data of whether or not the female nested. Repeatability estimates ranged from 0.24 to 0.68 for the measurable traits, with phenotypic correlations ranging from -0.15 to 0.86. Repeatability for whether a female nested or not was 0.58 on the underlying scale. Correlations could not be estimated between the measurement and binary traits because of confounding. These estimates are the first published for crocodilian reproduction traits.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "AnimalBreedingAndGenetics.pdf", } @InProceedings{JenningsPercAber:1987:HaVaAf, author = "Jennings, Michael L. and Percival, H. Franklin and Abercrombie, C. L.", title = "Habitat variables affecting nesting success of the American Alligator in Florida", booktitle = "Proceedings...", year = "1987", pages = "334--342", organization = "Annual Conference of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies", keywords = "jacar{\'e}s, crocodilos, ninhos, imagens a{\'e}reas, habitat, vari{\'a}veis.", conference-location = "Mobile, AL, EUA", conference-year = "4 a 7 de outubro de 1987", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "JENNINGS-334-342.pdf", volume = "41", } @InCollection{Jensen:2009:SeReMi, author = "Jensen, John R.", title = "Sensoriamento remoto por micro-ondas ativas e passivas", booktitle = "Sensoriamento remoto do ambiente: uma perspectiva em recursos terrestres", publisher = "Par{\^e}nteses", year = "2009", editor = "Vieira, Anderson da Silva", pages = "293--336", address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos", keywords = "sensoriamento remoto.", edition = "1", language = "pt", } @InCollection{JunkSilv:1997:MaReAm, author = "Junk, Wolfgang J. and Silva, Vera Maria F. da", title = "Mammals, reptiles and amphibians", booktitle = "The central Amazon floodplain: ecology of a pulsing system", publisher = "Springer", year = "1997", editor = "Junk, Wolfgang J.", pages = "409--418", address = "Berlim", keywords = "ecologia, Amaz{\^o}nia, plan{\'{\i}}cie de inunda{\c{c}}{\~a}o, mam{\'{\i}}feros, anf{\'{\i}}bios, r{\'e}pteis.", language = "en", serieseditor = "Caldwell, M. M. and Heldmaier, G. and Lange, O. L. and Mooney, H. A. and Schulze, E. -D. and Sommer, U.", seriestitle = "Ecological studies", volume = "126", } @Article{KasischkeMelaDobs:1997:UsImRa, author = "Kasischke, Eric S. and Melack, John M. and Dobson, M. Craig", title = "The use of imaging radars for ecological applications: a review", journal = "Remote Sensing of Environment", year = "1997", volume = "59", pages = "141--156", keywords = "sensoriamento remoto, meio ambiente.", language = "en", } @Article{Lance:2003:ImTe, author = "Lance, Valentine A.", title = "Alligator physiology and life history: the importance of temperature", journal = "Experimental Gerontology", year = "2003", volume = "38", pages = "801-805", keywords = "temperarura, crescimento, reprodu{\c{c}}{\~a}o, Alligator, crocodilos, jacar{\'e}s.", abstract = "Alligators are the most northerly distributed of the extant Crocodilia. Reproducing populations are found as far north as 35 degrees latitude in the freshwater marshes and rivers of coastal North Carolina, and as far south as 25 degrees latitude in the Florida Keys. Thus different populations are exposed to very different annual thermal cycles. Alligators stop eating when ambient temperature drops below 16 degrees C. This anorexia lasts at least 6 months at 35 degrees latitude. In southwest Louisiana alligators stop feeding in October and do not resume feeding until late March or early April. It is only during the warmer months when actively feeding that growth occurs. Even with this restricted growing season Louisiana alligators grow about 30 cm a year for the first 6 years. When alligators reach sexual maturity at about 1.85 m total length growth slows in both sexes, but is significantly slower in females than males. As a result of differences in thermal regime sexual maturity is estimated at around 18 years in North Carolina and about 10 years in Louisiana. Females lay one clutch of around 40 eggs in June, but the time of nesting is also tightly linked to temperature. In a cool spring nesting can occur as late as July 5th, and in a warm spring as early as June 5th. Immature male alligators undergo a seasonal hormonal cycle similar to fully mature breeding males, but testosterone levels differ by an order of magnitude. The number of mature females reproducing each year is rarely greater than 50%, but data on internest interval is lacking. Immature female alligators show no seasonal hormonal cycle.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "1-s2.0-S0531556503001128-main.pdf", } @Article{LópezSioLeyPriMan:2013:HoFaWa, author = "L{\'o}pez, Mar{\'{\i}}a S. and Sione, Walter and Leynaud, Gerardo C. and Prieto, Yanina A. and Manzano, Adriana S.", title = "How Far from Water? Terrestrial dispersal and nesting sites of the freshwater Turtle Phrynops hilarii in the floodplain of the Paran{\'a} River (Argentina)", journal = "Zoological Science", year = "2013", volume = "30", number = "12", pages = "1063--1069", keywords = "dispers{\~a}o, tartarugas aqu{\'a}ticas, habitat, nidifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o, ninhos, Phrynops hilarii.", abstract = "Terrestrial environments surrounding aquatic resources are important and intensively used by semi-aquatic species. In the present work, terrestrial dispersal and nesting sites of the freshwater turtle Phrynops hilarii were analyzed in the floodplain of the Paran{\'a} River, using field data and variables obtained from remote sensing. A total of 112 turtles and 44 nests were recorded during road sampling for one year (covered a total of 786 km in 30 surveys). Individuals were at a mean distance of 171.45 m from water, with a negative correlation between number of turtles and distance from water bodies. No significant differences in distance of turtles from water were observed among seasons. Phrynops hilarii nested at a mean distance of 136.51 m from water, showing a negative correlation between number of nests and distance from water bodies. Mean elevation of nests relative to maximum level of water body nearest each record was 1.13 m. The correlation between number of nests and elevation of the nearest water body was positive and significant. The landscape surrounding wetlands is important for P. hilarii to complete the life cycle, as nesting is done in this environment. Our results show that the habitat selected for nesting and terrestrial dispersal was proportionally different from that available in the entire study area, with a higher proportion of wetlands, grasslands and forests.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "zsj.30.1063.pdf", } @Article{Magnusson:1980:CrNoAu, author = "Magnusson, William E.", title = "Habitat required for nesting by Crocodylus porosus (Reptilia: Crocodilidae) in Northern Australia", journal = "Australian Wildlife Research", year = "1980a", volume = "7", number = "1", pages = "149--156", keywords = "ninhos, habitat, nidifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o, r{\'e}pteis, crocodilos, jacar{\'e}s.", abstract = "C. povosus in northern Australia does not use all available vegetation for making nests, but those materials that it does use are used in proportion to their availability. Discriminant function analysis was used to quantify the suitability of sites for nesting in terms of vegetation. Crocodiles do not select sites for nests only on the basis of available nesting materials; most nests are made on the north-west banks of rivers (mean direction: 293{"}, angular deviation 61{"}). There are at least 933 suitable nesting sites for C. porosus on the Liverpool and Tomkinson Rivers. This suggests that the present population of adult crocodiles could increase by a factor of 18 before nest sites became limiting.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "2667.pdf", } @Article{MagnussonGrigTayl:1978:AeSuPo, author = "Magnusson, W. E. and Grigg, G. C. and Taylor, J. A.", title = "An aerial survey of potential nesting areas of the saltwater crocodile, Crocodylus porosus Schneider, on the north coast of Arnhem Land, Northern Australia", journal = "Australian Wildlife Research", year = "1978", volume = "5", pages = "401--415", keywords = "crocodilos, jacar{\'e}s, sensoriamento remoto, imagem a{\'e}rea, fotografia, ninho, nidifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o.", abstract = "Results of a study of habitats used by C. porosus for nesting on the Liverpool and Tonkinson Rivers, Arnhem land, northern Australia, are presented. These were used as the basis of an aerial survey for potential crocodile nesting habitat in coastal wetlands between Smith point (Cobourg peninsula) and Gove. General conclusions of the survey are given, and areas in which different types of management could be applied are indicated. Detailed results are lodged with the Australian National Library, Canberra.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "gcg_awr_5_1978.pdf", } @Article{MagnussonGrigTayl:1980:AeSuPo, author = "Magnusson, W. E. and Grigg, G. C. and Taylor, J. A.", title = "An aerial survey of potential nesting areas of Crocodylus prosus on the west coast of Cape York Peninsula", journal = "Australian Wildlife Research", year = "1980b", volume = "7", number = "3", pages = "465--478", keywords = "crocodilos, jacar{\'e}s, sensoriamento remoto, imagem a{\'e}rea, fotografia, ninho, nidifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o.", abstract = "This paper presents the results of an aerial survey for potential nesting areas of C. porosus along the western coast of Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, from the tip of the Cape to the Norman River. There is a decrease from north to south in the amount of suitable nesting habitat. Many suitable nesting areas occur north of the Embley River, where relatively higher relief favours the development of freshwater swamps with a low risk of seasonal flooding. Further south, the broad, alluvial plains and meandering rivers are often subject to extensive flooding and fewer opportunities for nesting are available. General conclusions only are given, and management discussed. Detailed results are lodged with the Australian National Library, Canberra.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "gcg_awr_7_80a.pdf", } @TechReport{Marioni:2013:EfPeAn, author = "Marioni, Boris", title = "Efeito de perturba{\c{c}}{\~o}es antr{\'o}picas sobre a estrutura flor{\'{\i}}stica e funcionamento das florestas de v{\'a}rzea e seu impacto sobre os ecossistemas aqu{\'a}ticos da calha central do Solim{\~o}es-Amazonas", institution = "Instituto Piaga{\c{c}}u", year = "2013", address = "Manaus", keywords = "jacar{\'e}s, nidifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o, ninhos, M. niger, C. crocodilus, Piaga{\c{c}}u-Purus, Amaz{\^o}nia.", abstract = "Este projeto tem como objetivo principal de incrementar a capacidade t{\'e}cnicocient{\'{\i}}fica em indicar {\'a}reas relevantes a serem protegidas ou suscet{\'{\i}}veis ao manejo econ{\^o}mico, visando {\`a} conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o das popula{\c{c}}{\~o}es de jacar{\'e}s e dos seus ecossistemas. Ele {\'e} a continua{\c{c}}{\~a}o do trabalho de pesquisa e monitoramento desenvolvido pelo bolsista desde 2005 na regi{\~a}o da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustent{\'a}vel Piaga{\c{c}}u-Purus (RDSPP) junto ao Instituto Piaga{\c{c}}u (IPI). Este estudo esta articulado com o projeto GEOMA (CNPq N° 550373/2010-1) o qual tem como objetivo especifico de modelar o efeito da qualidade dos habitats de v{\'a}rzea sobre a biologia reprodutiva das popula{\c{c}}{\~o}es de jacar{\'e}s. A extens{\~a}o das a{\c{c}}{\~o}es de monitoramento {\`a} outras {\'a}reas de florestas alagadas podem indicar, pela diminui{\c{c}}{\~a}o de habitat de nidifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o, os poss{\'{\i}}veis efeitos de a{\c{c}}{\~o}es antr{\'o}picas nas florestas inundadas ao longo das calhas do Rio Solim{\~o}es/Amazonas. Os crocodilianos s{\~a}o predadores de topo de cadeia alimentar e esp{\'e}cies-chave nos ecossistemas que ocupam. Das quatro esp{\'e}cies de crocodilianos amaz{\^o}nicos, duas s{\~a}o alvos deste estudo. O jacar{\'e}-a{\c{c}}u (Melanosuchus niger) {\'e} um dos maiores predadores das Am{\'e}ricas, podendo atingir mais de quatro metros de comprimento total (Ross e Magnusson, 1989). O jacar{\'e} tinga (Caiman crocodilus) {\'e} um dos crocodilianos mais abundantes da Amaz{\^o}nia, e pode atingir quase tr{\^e}s metros de comprimento, as f{\^e}meas ao contrario dificilmente s{\~a}o maiores de 1.80m (Ross, 1998). Os jacar{\'e}s amaz{\^o}nicos figuram entre os crocodilianos menos estudados no mundo. Os padr{\~o}es de distribui{\c{c}}{\~a}o, abund{\^a}ncia, estrutura de tamanho e raz{\~a}o sexual destas esp{\'e}cies ainda s{\~a}o pouco conhecidos, limitando-se a alguns estudos na Amaz{\^o}nia Ocidental ou em Rios de {\'a}gua pretas (Da Silveira, 2001, Da Silveira et al., 1997). O estudo da biologia reprodutiva das popula{\c{c}}{\~o}es de jacar{\'e}s e suas implica{\c{c}}{\~o}es com os habitat de v{\'a}rzea, as {\'a}reas mas abundantemente habitadas da Amaz{\^o}nia, {\'e} um aspecto importante a ser abordado na conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o das esp{\'e}cies e nos futuros plano de manejo em Unidades de Conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o do Estado do Amazonas.", language = "pt", pages = "59", targetfile = "RelaorioFinalBoris Marioni.pdf", } @Article{MarioniBoteFons:2013:PrOrSo, author = "Marioni, Boris and Botero-Arias, Robinson and Fonseca-Junior, Sinomar F.", title = "Local community involvement as a basis for sustainable crocodilian management in Protected Areas of Central Amazonia: problem or solution?", journal = "Tropical Conservation Science", year = "2013", volume = "6", number = "4", pages = "484--492", keywords = "Amaz{\^o}nia, crocodilianos, monitoramento participativo, comunidade local.", abstract = "Amazon floodplains have a long history of exploitation of crocodilians, particularly of large species such as the black caiman (Melanosuchus niger) and spectacled caiman (Caiman crocodilus). Historically, legal but uncontrolled trade resulted in a drastic reduction of wild populations of both species, which eventually led to the collapse of the commercial trade. In 1967, prohibition of commercial use of wild fauna through changes in Brazilian and international laws allowed caiman populations to slowly recover across much of their original range. Several studies on caiman populations greatly improved knowledge about the species, offering scientific bases for crocodilian management in the wild. Although protective legislation should only be altered using extreme caution, the creation of Sustainable Development Reserves (SDR) at the end of last century made it possible to manage wildlife for commercial purposes, albeit under strict population monitoring regimes. This category of protected area was established to improve welfare of local communities and strengthen their participation in conservation. Along with involvement in caiman monitoring programs, the engagement of local hunters and buyers is essential for participatory management plans. Even with development of SDRs, monitoring of crocodilian populations is still restricted to a few State Reserves, and traditional knowledge of stakeholders has been insufficiently incorporated into management and monitoring activities. We believe that stronger participation of local actors can help to improve the experimental harvesting initiatives that have been carried out thus far by local authorities. Community-based monitoring programs, which reflect local reality, are being developed in a simple and cost-effective way.", language = "en", targetfile = "TCS-2013_Vol_6(4)_484-492_Marioni-1.pdf", } @Book{PainterABBCCDMNPDPQSVVW:2008:PrLe, editor = "Painter, Michael and Alves, Ana Rita and Bertsch, Carolina and Bodmer, Richard and Castillo, Oscar and Chicch{\'o}n, Avecita and Daza, F{\'e}lix and Marques, Fernanda and Noss, Andrew and Painter, Lilian and Deus, Claudia Pereira de and Puertas, Pablo and Queiroz, Helder Lima de and Su{\'a}rez, Esteban and Varese, Mariana and Venticinque, Eduardo Martins and Wallace, Robert", title = "Landscape Conservation in the Amazon Region: Progress and Lessons", publisher = "Wildlife Conservation Society", year = "2008", volume = "34", series = "WCS Working Paper", address = "Bozeman", keywords = "conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o, fauna, amaz{\^o}nia brasileira.", language = "en", pages = "72", targetfile = "WCS_WP_34-Painter-etal-2008.pdf", } @Article{ShineBrow:2008:ReBiVe, author = "Shine, Richard and Brown, Gregory P.", title = "Adapting to the unpredictable: reproductive biology of vertebrates in the Australian wet-dry tropics", journal = "Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences", year = "2008", volume = "363", number = "1490", pages = "363-373", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "rstb20072144.pdf", } @Article{SomaweeraWebbShin:2011:DeHaSe, author = "Somaweera, Ruchira and Webb, Jonathan K. and Shine, Richard", title = "Determinants of habitat selection by hatchling australian freshwater crocodiles", journal = "PLoS One", year = "2011", volume = "6", number = "12", pages = "e28533", keywords = "jacar{\'e}s, reprodu{\c{c}}{\~a}o, nidifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o, eclos{\~a}o dos ovos, crocodilos, r{\'e}pteis.", abstract = "Animals almost always use habitats non-randomly, but the costs and benefits of using specific habitat types remain unknown for many types of organisms. In a large lake in northwestern Australia (Lake Argyle), most hatchling (<12-month-old) freshwater crocodiles (Crocodylus johnstoni) are found in floating vegetation mats or grassy banks rather than the more widely available open banks. Mean body sizes of young crocodiles did not differ among the three habitat types. We tested four potential explanations for non-random habitat selection: proximity to nesting sites, thermal conditions, food availability, and exposure to predation. The three alternative habitat types did not differ in proximity to nesting sites, or in thermal conditions. Habitats with higher food availability harboured more hatchlings, and feeding rates (obtained by stomach-flushing of recently-captured crocodiles) were highest in such areas. Predation risk may also differ among habitats: we were twice as likely to capture a crocodile after seeing it in open-bank sites than in the other two habitat types. Thus, habitat selection of hatchling crocodiles in this system may be driven both by prey availability and by predation risk.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "pone.0028533.pdf", } @InCollection{Thorbjarnarson:1989:EcAmCr, author = "Thorbjarnarson, John B.", title = "Ecology of the American crocodile, Crocodylus acutus", booktitle = "Crocodiles: their ecology, management, and conservation", publisher = "International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources", year = "1989", pages = "228--258", address = "Gland, Switzerland", keywords = "crocodilos, jacar{\'e}s, conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o, biologia, ecologia, Crocodylus acutus.", copyholder = "gabriela", edition = "1", language = "en", targetfile = "Crocodiles-1.pdf", } @Book{Thorbjarnarson:1992:AcPlTh, author = "Thorbjarnarson, John", editor = "Messel, Harry and King, F. Wayne and Ross, James Perran", title = "Crocodiles: an action plan for their conservation", publisher = "International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources", year = "1992", address = "Gland, Switzerland", edition = "1", keywords = "crocodilos, jacar{\'e}s, conserva{\c{c}}{\~a}o.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", pages = "137", targetfile = "Crocodiles.pdf", } @Article{VasconcelosHrSiThMaFa:2006:PoGeAn, author = "Vasconcelos, William R. and Hrbek, Tomas and Silveira, Ronis Da and Thoisy, Benoit de and Marioni, Boris and Farias, Izeni P.", title = "Population genetic analysis of Caiman crocodilus (Linnaeus, 1758) from South America", journal = "Genetics and Molecular Biology", year = "2006", volume = "29", number = "2", pages = "220--230", keywords = "estrutura gen{\'e}tica, diversidade gen{\'e}tica, expans{\~a}o demogr{\'a}fica, citocromo B, Caiman crocodilus.", language = "en", targetfile = "a06v29n2.pdf", } @Article{Verdade:2004:JaSiRe, author = "Verdade, Luciano M.", title = "A explora{\c{c}}{\~a}o da fauna silvestre no Brasil: jacar{\'e}s, sistemas e recursos humanos", journal = "Biota Neotropica", year = "2004", volume = "4", number = "2", pages = "1--12", keywords = "manejo de fauna, uso sustent{\'a}vel, jacar{\'e}, sistemas de manejo, sociedade.", language = "pt", targetfile = "a02v4n2.pdf", } @Article{VillamarínMaThNeBoMa:2011:CoMaIm, author = "Villamar{\'{\i}}n, Francisco and Marioni, Boris and Thorbjarnarson, John B. and Nelson, Bruce W. and Botero Arias, Robinson and Magnusson, William E.", title = "Conservation and management implications of nest-site selection of the sympatric crocodilians Melanosuchus niger and Caiman crocodilus in Central Amazonia, Brazil", journal = "Biological Conservation", year = "2011", volume = "144", pages = "913-919", keywords = "jacar{\'e}s, nidifica{\c{c}}{\~a}o, ninho, hidrologia, sensoriamento remoto, M. niger, C. crocodilus.", language = "en", targetfile = " ConservationManagementImplicationsNestSiteSympatricCrocodilians.pdf", } @InProceedings{WatanabeChu-:1984:LaReSe, author = "Watanabe, Myrna E. and Chu-chien, Huang", title = "Landsat remote sensing imagery as a tool in defining the enviromment of the Chinese Alligator, Alligator sinensis", booktitle = "Proceedings...", year = "1984", pages = "216--219", organization = "Woorking Meeting of the crocodile specialist group of the species survival commission of the International union for conservation of nature and natural resources, 6.", publisher = "International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources", address = "Gland, Su{\'{\i}}{\c{c}}a", keywords = "sensoriamento remoto, habitat, landsat, sensor, jacar{\'e}s, crocodilos.", conference-location = "Estu{\'a}rio de Santa L{\'u}cia, {\'A}frica do Sul", conference-year = "19 a 30 setembro de 1982", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "Crocodiles.pdf", } @Article{ZhujianHengShen:1986:AnLaRe, author = "Zhujian, Huang and Hengzhang, Lin and Shengkai, Zhang", title = "Analysis of the Landsat remote sensing images of the types of habitats of Yangtze alligators", journal = "Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology", year = "1986", volume = "4", number = "4", pages = "360--371", keywords = "jacar{\'e}s, crocodilos, habitat, sensores, landsat, sensoriamento remoto.", abstract = "The Chinese {"}Yangtze{"} alligator is a rare reptile that has been listed as an {"}endangered species{"} by the United Nations, so its preservation has become an urgent task. A study of its habitats through analysis of their Landsat images will provide a scientific basis for the government departments concerned to select the best locations for its breeding. The Chinese alligator is a subtropical reptile of freshwater rivers, lakes and ponds. Found only in China, it is now distributed only in the border region between the three provinces of Anhui, Zhejiang and Jiangau. On the basis of previous investigations by Chinese scientists, and from an analysis and interpretation of their Landsat images, we made a special study, review, and classification of the natural environment of the alligator's present habitats (and the modern changes in the natural background of these hatitats) so that the government departments concerned with the preservation of the reptiles may have a scientific basis for determining the best locations for the breeding and propagation of the alligator.", copyholder = "gabriela", language = "en", targetfile = "art_10.1007_BF02845283NAOEstaURLib.pdf", }