@InProceedings{NobreZebi:2003:HyCoMo,
               author = "Nobre, Paulo and Zebiak, Stephen E.",
          affiliation = "CPTEC/INPE, Cachoeira Paulista, SP, Brazil.",
                title = "A hybrid coupled model study of remote influences over the 
                         tropical atlantic ocean.",
                 year = "2003",
         organization = "International Conference on Southern Hemisphere Meteorology and 
                         Oceanography, 7.",
            publisher = "American Meteorological Society",
             keywords = "Meteorologia",
             abstract = "A hybrid ocean-atmosphere coupled model is used to study the 
                         interannual variability of sea surface temperature and wind stress 
                         over the tropical Atlantic. The coupled model is composed of a 
                         statistical atmospheric component model that uses sea surface 
                         temperature anomalies (SSTA) over the tropical oceans to forecast 
                         wind stress anomalies over the tropical Atlantic, coupled to a 
                         general circulation model of the ocean configured over the 
                         Atlantic. It is shown that, while the Atlantic-only hybrid coupled 
                         model has damped oscillations of SSTA and wind stress, the 
                         inclusion of Pacific SSTA variability in the coupled model 
                         resulted in sustained oscillations of wind stress and SSTA over 
                         the equatorial Atlantic. The forced runs of the OGCM generated 
                         SSTA variability time series comparable to observations. While the 
                         Atlantic-only hybrid coupled model generates damped oscillations 
                         of SST and wind stress anomalies, similar to the findings of 
                         Zebiak (1993), the Pacific-Atlantic hybrid coupled model generates 
                         interannual variability comparable in magnitude with observations. 
                         The fact that the correlation is still poor compared to forced 
                         runs suggests that other sources of forcing in the Atlantic are 
                         also important, or that our coupling processes have inadequacies. 
                         The Pacific+Atlantic and the Atlantic-only uncoupled hybrid 
                         experiment showed results which were similar to forced experiment 
                         with observed wind stresses, but which were more confined to the 
                         equatorial region. The Pacific-only uncoupled hybrid experiment 
                         generates oscillations of SST and wind stress anomalies, but did 
                         not capture the temporal variability of SSTA over the tropical 
                         Atlantic. The results of this work are suggestive that Pacific 
                         SSTA variability is necessary for the coupled model to generate 
                         sustained oscillations over the tropical Atlantic. Yet, Pacific 
                         SSTA variability alone does not explain the observed SSTA over the 
                         equatorial Atlantic. It is thus speculated that while atmospheric 
                         teleconnections between the Pacific and the tropical Atlantic are 
                         an intrinsic component of tropical Atlantic variability, with the 
                         Pacific ENSO providing a source of disturbances necessary to 
                         maintain the otherwise damped interannual variations of SST and 
                         wind stress over the tropical Atlantic, local interactions are 
                         essential to explain the observed variability of the coupled 
                         ocean-atmosphere system over the tropical Atlantic.",
  conference-location = "Wellington, New Zealand",
      conference-year = "24-28 Mar",
             language = "en",
                 type = "PRE",
        urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}