@Article{PezziCava:2001:NuSt,
               author = "Pezzi, Luciano Ponzi and Cavalcanti, Iracema Fonseca de 
                         Albuquerque",
          affiliation = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais,(INPE/CPTEC) and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE/CPTEC)}",
                title = "The relative importance of ENSO and tropical Atlantic sea surface 
                         temperature anomalies for seasonal precipitation over South 
                         America: a numerical study",
              journal = "Climate Dynamics",
                 year = "2001",
               volume = "17",
               number = "2-3",
                pages = "205--212",
                month = "jan",
             keywords = "Northeast Brazil, oscillation, circulation, ocean, dynamics, 
                         rainfall, climate.",
             abstract = "The role of tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) 
                         anomalies during ENSO episodes over northeast Brazil (Nordeste) is 
                         investigated using the CPTEC/COLA Atmospheric General Circulation 
                         Model (AGCM). Four sets of integrations are performed using SST in 
                         Fl Nino and La Nina (ENSO) episodes, changing the SST of the 
                         Atlantic Ocean. A positive dipole (SST higher than normal in the 
                         tropical North Atlantic and below normal in the tropical South 
                         Atlantic) and a negative dipole (opposite conditions), are set as 
                         the boundary conditions of SST in the Atlantic Ocean. The four 
                         experiments are performed using El Nino or La Nina SST in all 
                         oceans, except in the tropical Atlantic where the two phases of 
                         the SST dipole are applied. Five initial conditions were 
                         integrated in each case in order to obtain four ensemble results. 
                         The positive SST dipole over the tropical Atlantic Ocean and Fl 
                         Nino conditions over the Pacific Ocean resulted in dry conditions 
                         over the Nordeste. When the negative dipole and Fl Nino conditions 
                         over the Pacific Ocean were applied, the results showed 
                         precipitation above normal over the north of Nordeste. When La 
                         Nina conditions over Pacific Ocean were tested together with a 
                         negative dipole, positive precipitation anomalies occurred over 
                         the whole Nordeste. Using the positive dipole over the tropical 
                         Atlantic, the precipitation over Nordeste was below average. 
                         During La Nina episodes, the Atlantic Ocean conditions have a 
                         larger effect on the precipitation of Nordeste than the Pacific 
                         Ocean. In Fl Nino conditions, only the north region of Nordeste is 
                         affected by the Atlantic SST. Other tropical areas of South 
                         America show a change only in the intensity of anomalies. Central 
                         and southeast regions of South America are affected by the 
                         Atlantic conditions only during La Nina conditions, whereas during 
                         El Nino these regions are influenced only by conditions in the 
                         Pacific Ocean.",
           copyholder = "SID/SCD",
                 issn = "0930-7575",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Pezzi_The relative importance.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}