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		<citationkey>AlmeidaNobrUrba:2010:BrEx</citationkey>
		<title>PIRATA Project over the Tropical Atlantic: The Brazilian Experience</title>
		<year>2010</year>
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		<author>Almeida, Roberto Antonio Ferreira de,</author>
		<author>Nobre, Paulo,</author>
		<author>Urbano, Domingo,</author>
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		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<affiliation>Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)</affiliation>
		<electronicmailaddress>roberto@dealmeida.net</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>paulo.nobre@cptec.inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<electronicmailaddress>domingos.urbano@cptec.inpe.br</electronicmailaddress>
		<conferencename>The Meeting of the Americas.</conferencename>
		<conferencelocation>Foz do Iguaçu</conferencelocation>
		<date>08-12 Aug. 2010</date>
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		<keywords>Ocean/atmosphere interactions, climate and interannual variability, equatorial oceanography, ocean observing systems.</keywords>
		<abstract>An overview of the international PIRATA project over the tropical Atlantic and its impacts on the development of basin scale oceanographic research in Brazil are presented. In a nutshell, the PIRATA project is a consortium between Brazil, France and the United States for the establishment of a moored research array over the tropical Atlantic to monitor the ocean-atmosphere interface and the upper layer of the ocean. The array was designed to study the principal modes of interannual variability of the tropical Atlantic climate, namely the equatorial and the meridional modes. PIRATA data have been used by many, with more than 300,000 data files distributed via internet during the last ten years, with 97,000 files distributed in 2008 alone. The array was inaugurated with 12 ATLAS moored buoys along the equator and the meridians 38W and 10W in 1998, and grew into a 18 moored systems (see Figure 1) after the establishment of the SW extension in 2005 and the NE extension in 2008. In addition to the surface meteorological and upper ocean data measured by the ATLAS systems, the PIRATA project also counts with one ADCP mooring at 0N, 23W, tide gauges at São Tomé and Prince, and at Saint Peter and Saint Paul archipelago, in addition to pig backing sensors to monitor CO2 and O2, also indicated in Figure 1. In addition, the PIRATA array yearly maintenance cruises, done by each of Brazil, France, and the USA, have been used as a platform of opportunity to collecting extra atmospheric and oceanographic data. Such time series constitute an extremely valuable body of information from sparse oceanic data areas, which have been used to generate a growing number of research papers in the specialized literature. More than 85 papers have been published so far using PIRATA data during the last ten years. In Brazil, the PIRATA project has galvanized the interest of an expanding community of researchers and has contributed to increase the support from funding agencies. The uses of PIRATA data time series have also been instrumental in the country for both: ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere model validation studies, and real time monitoring of Tropical Atlantic oceanic conditions relevant for seasonal climate predictions over Brazil. This talk also presents the Brazilian efforts to developing its global climate model, for which both physical and biogeochemical measurements done at the PIRATA array and during the oceanographic cruises are vital.</abstract>
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		<language>en</language>
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