@Article{CerónDíEsTaAnKaCa:2022:Im1920,
               author = "Cer{\'o}n, Wilmar L. and D{\'{\i}}az, Nilton and 
                         Escobar-Carbonari, Daniel and Tapasco, Jeimar and Andreoli, Rita 
                         V. and Kayano, Mary Toshie and Canchala, Teresita",
          affiliation = "{Universidad del Valle} and {International Center for Tropical 
                         Agriculture (CIAT)} and {International Center for Tropical 
                         Agriculture (CIAT)} and {International Center for Tropical 
                         Agriculture (CIAT)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da 
                         Amaz{\^o}nia (INPA)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidad del Valle}",
                title = "Multiscale Interactions of Climate Variability and Rainfall in the 
                         Sogamoso River Basin: Implications for the 1998–2000 and 2010–2012 
                         Multiyear La Niña Events",
              journal = "Water (Switzerland)",
                 year = "2022",
               volume = "14",
               number = "22",
                pages = "e3635",
                month = "Nov.",
             keywords = "Colombia, multiyear La Niña, precipitation, Sogamoso River Basin, 
                         standardized precipitation index.",
             abstract = "In this research, we explored rainfall variability in the Sogamoso 
                         River Basin (SRB), its relationship with multiple scales of 
                         variability associated with El NiñoSouthern Oscillation (ENSO), 
                         and the implications for rainfall prolongation during multiyear La 
                         Niña events. First, we examined time-frequency rainfall variations 
                         in the SRB based on the standardized precipitation index (SPI) 
                         from 1982 to 2019, using wavelet transform and principal component 
                         analysis (PCA). In addition, we applied wavelet analysis to 
                         investigate the links at different time scales between ENSO and 
                         the main mode of rainfall variability in the SRB. Finally, we 
                         explored the role that each scale of variability played in the 
                         prolongation and intensity of rainfall in the SRB during the 
                         19982000 and 20102012 multiyear La Niña events. The results of the 
                         wavelet analyses revealed significant ENSO relationships affecting 
                         SRB rainfall at three different scales: quasi-biennial (23-years) 
                         between 1994 and 2002, as well as from 2008 to 2015; interannual 
                         (57 years) from 1995 to 2011; and quasi-decadal (912 years) from 
                         1994 to 2012. This indicates that multiyear events are a 
                         consequence of the interaction of several scales of variability 
                         rather than a unique scale. During the 19982000 event, El Niño 
                         conditions were observed during the first half of 1998; 
                         subsequently, a cooling of the central and eastern tropical 
                         Pacific (western tropical Pacific) on the quasi-biennial 
                         (interannual) scale was observed during 1999; in 2000, only La 
                         Niña conditions were observed on the interannual scale. Therefore, 
                         during this event, the quasi-biennial (interannual) scale promoted 
                         wet conditions in the Caribbean, the Andes, and the Colombian 
                         Pacific from JuneAugust (JJA) 1998 to JJA 1999 (during 19992000). 
                         During the 20102012 La Niña event, the interbasin sea surface 
                         temperature gradient between the tropical Pacific and tropical 
                         North Atlantic contributed to strengthening (weakening) of the 
                         Choco jet (Caribbean low-level jet) on the quasi-biennial scale 
                         during 2010, and the interannual scale prolonged its 
                         intensification (weakening) during 20112012, acting to extend the 
                         rainy periods over most of the Colombian territory. Variations on 
                         quasi-decadal scales were modulated by the Pacific decadal 
                         oscillation (PDO), resulting in a further intensification of the 
                         20102012 La Niña event, which developed under conditions of the 
                         cold PDO (CPDO) phase, whereas the 19982000 La Niña occurred 
                         during the transition from warm (WPDO, 19771998) to cold (CPDO, 
                         20012015) conditions. These results indicate that the interaction 
                         of quasi-biennial to quasi-decadal scales of variability could 
                         play a differential role in the configuration and prolongation of 
                         rainfall events in the SRB.",
                  doi = "10.3390/w14223635",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14223635",
                 issn = "2073-4441",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "water-14-03635-v3.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "18 abr. 2024"
}